唐传奇遇仙故事类型研究

Types of Story of Meeting Fairy in the Legendary of the Tang Dynasty

唐传奇中的遇仙故事可以分为两大基本类型:其一,遇仙而两情相悦,人仙相恋。这类作品中作者对仙界的描写实际是对现实世界的美化,人仙相恋的故事所体现的是现实生活中带有普遍意义的对忠贞爱情的渴望与追求,作者以状写仙家之景作为逞才炫艺的荃蹄。其二,遇仙而看破红尘,弃世修道。这类作品多为具有讽喻意味的寓意之作,侧重于通过否定现实世界表现神仙道教绝欲出世的思想,仙人的形象多流于类型化和概念化,作品不以展示艺术才情为目的,而以现实批判和宣教布道为旨归。唐前小说中人仙相恋的遇仙故事,在形态和内容方面对唐传奇中遇仙故事产生了深刻影响。

Story of meeting fairy in the legendary of the Tang Dynasty can be divided into two types： human falling love with fairy and human abandoning the realistic society to enter the fairy world. The former actually is to beautify the realistic world and shows people＇ s desire and pursuit for loyal love. And the writers of the stories show their writing talents by the description of fairy world. The later mainly belongs to satiric works. It is to express the Dao＇ s idea of being free from realistic world by negating realistic world. In these stories, the image of fairy is conceptualized. The purposes of these stories are criticizing reality and preach Daoism instead of showing writing talents. The stories of meeting fairy before the Tang Dynasty produces deep influences on the story of meeting fairy in the legendary of the Tang Dynasty.