《诗经》“斯”字研究

A Research of the Word "Si(斯)" in the Book of Songs

《诗经》中"斯"有动词、代词、连词、语气词和词尾等多种词性及词义和语法功能。"名+斯"、"谓+斯"、"彼+谓+斯"结构的"斯"相当于指示代词"者","数+斯+名"结构的"斯"相当于指示代词"其","螽斯羽"等"斯"功能同连词"之"。因文字假借和语法演变,"斯"字被借作指示代词,指示代词进一步向连词、语气词和词尾发展。《诗经》中不同词性的"斯"分别和先秦汉语虚词"之"、"其"、"者"、"然"等异词同义。

In the Book of Songs, the word Si（斯） has various parts of speech, semantic meanings and grammar functions when it is used as the verb, the demonstrative, the conjunction, the mood word and the suffix. In the syntactic structure of ＂noun＋ si＂ and ＂bi（彼）＋ predicate ＋ si＂, the word si is equivalent to the demonstrative ＂zhe（者）＂. In the syntactic structure of ＂numeral ＋ si ＋ noun＂ , the word si is equivalent to the demonstrative ＂qi（其）＂. While in the syntactic structures of ＂katydid si plume＂ etc, the grammar function of the word si（斯） corresponds with the conjunction zhi（之）. Because of the phonetic loan characters and grammar evolution, the Chinese character si was loaned as the demonstrative which further developed into the conjunction, the mood word and the suffix. Though the word si in the Book of Songs which functions as different parts of speech is different from the form words such as ＂zhi（之）, qi（其）, zhe（者）, ran （然）＂ in the pre-Qin Chinese, there is a one-to-one relationship between their meanings.