古代烟火的军事应用及其对火器发展的影响

MILITARY APPLICATION OF EARLY FIREWORK AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIREARMS

军事应用和娱乐应用并行，火器和烟火齐盛，是中国古代火药技术的独特结构。这决定了，中国古代的火药技术必然是在火器和烟火的交互影响中向前发展的。这个特点在佛郎机、鸟铳、红夷炮等西方火器于明代后期先后传入，并逐渐取代中国传统火器而占居主导地位之前，表现得尤为突出。古代烟火的军事应用，肇始于宋，兴盛于明；其对传统火器的影响，既有积极的一面，也有局限性和消极因素。

The unique composition of early gunpowder technology in China lies in that military application and entertainment run parallel and firearm and firework prevail in unison. Thus it was destined that the early gunpowder technology in China developed under the interaction of firearms and firework. This feature was especially prominent be- fore the successive introduction of Western firearms such as Frankish culverin , bird- gun , and red barbarian cannon, in the late Ming Dynasty and the gradual replacement of traditional firearms in China by them, holding a dominant position eventually. The mili- tary application of early firework began from the Song Dynasty and prevailed in the Ming Dynasty. Its influence on traditional firearms has not only a positive aspect but limitations and negative factors as well.