戊型肝炎与兽医公共卫生

Hepatitis E and Veterinary Public Health

戊型肝炎为人畜共患病,戊肝病毒(Hepatitis E Virus,HEV)为其病原。戊肝病毒分4个基因型,在中国流行或存在的为1、3、4型。基因1型目前在我国只感染人,3型目前刚刚在我国大陆猪场发现,尚未发现感染人。而4型为人畜共同感染。动物中以猪的感染率和带毒率最高,常通过污染的肉制品造成人员感染和发病。猪与鹿、鸡、鼠等动物共同组成HEV的巨大病毒储库,为HEV的变异进化提供了充分的遗传资源。应加强对猪肉制品和农村地区猪场附近河流湖泊饮用水源的卫生安全管理。同时应加强动物HEV相关信息的收集和分析,将动物HEV的流行情况纳入兽医公共卫生的预警体系,实现动物HEV的常态跟踪和防控。

Hepatitis E was regarded as a zoonotic disease and its pathogen was hepatitis E virus（HEV）.There were four major genotypes of HEV worldwide,in which three genotypes existed in China,i.e.genotype 1,3 and 4.Genotype 1 of HEV only infected human in China heretofore,while genotype 4 could infect human and animals.Genotype 3 was recently identified in Chinese pig farms and there was no report of human infection of genotype 3 HEV in this region.Pigs had the highest HEV infection rates among animal,and the swine HEV could infect human and cause disease through contaminated pork.A huge animal HEV reservoir was composed of pigs,deers,chicken and rodents,which provided rich genetic resources for the virus to recombine and evolve.It should be compulsory for the government to adopt strict food safety regulations in grocery stores and pork processing enterprises.Measures should also be taken to safeguard river or lake against contamination of swine HEV.It could be one of the key issues in veterinary public health（VPH） system to realize real time surveilance of hepatitis E by collection of epidemic information and analysis of existing state of the animal pathogen.