徐州市农村慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的认知情况调查

Disease perception and awareness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural

目的了解徐州市农村地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者对COPD的认知情况。方法采用自主设计的流行病学调查问卷，对392例COPD患者进行面对面的疾病认知程度调查，评价指标采用百分率。结果按COPD的分级标准，392例患者中Ⅰ级58例（14．8％），Ⅱ级164例（41．8％），Ⅲ级103例（26．3％），Ⅳ级67例（17．1％）。有14例（3．6％）听说过COPD，没人知道COPD及其急性加重的含义或做过肺功能检查，也没人参加过任何形式针对COPD患者的宣传教育活动。32．1％（126例）的患者不知道吸烟是引起COPD的主要危险因素；87．5％（343例）的患者不知道COPD可预防和控制；经常参加体育锻炼的患者达到24．2％；有76例（19．4％）稳定期患者不规律服用氨茶碱，没有人使用吸入或雾化药物治疗及进行家庭氧疗和康复治疗，急性加重期患者在呼吸困难加重时使用茶碱类药物和抗生素治疗的为261例（66．6％）；1年内有105例（26．8％）因呼吸道症状住院；224例（57．1％）轻度体力活动受限；91例（23．2％）时常感觉意志消沉、情绪低落；232例（59．2％）影响其社会交往。结论徐州市农村地区COPD患者对疾病的认知情况严重不足，稳定期和急性加重期的治疗均不规范，疾病对日常生活的影响较大，应加强对患者的教育和管理。

Objective To evaluate perception and awareness of disease knowledge in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in rural area of Xuzhou City. Methods Perception and awareness of COPD, including its nature, control, medication use, impact on their quality of life, experience of its acute exacerbation, and so on, in 392 patients with COPD were evaluated with self-designed ad hoc questionnaire. Proportion and percentage were used in statistical analysis. Results According to the GLOD standards, 58 of 392 patients with COPD could be classified as stage Ⅰ （ 14. 8% ）, 164 as stage Ⅱ （41.8%）, 103 as stage Ⅲ （26.3%） and 67 as stage Ⅳ （17.1%）, respectively. Only 14 patients （3.6%） had heard COPD, but all of them did not know the definition of COPD and its acute exacerbation. Lung function tests and health education had never been performed for all these patients. One hundred and twenty-six patients （ 32. 1% ） did not understand that smoking is a risk factor for COPD, 343 patients （87. 5% ） had never heard that COPD could be prevented and controlled. Only 95 patients （24. 2% ） did regular physical exercises. Seventy-six patients （ 19.4% ） in stable stage did not take theophylline regularly, and none of them took inhalers or nebulizer drugs regularly or temporally, or oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation at home. During acute exacerbation, 261 patients （66. 6% ） could take theophylline or analogous drugs and antibiotics. One hundred and five patients （26. 8% ） were admitted to hospital during the past year due to respiratory symptoms. Physical activities were restrained in 224 patients （57.1%）, 91 patients （23.2%） had a little bit feeling of depression sometimes and social communication was impacted in 232 patients （59. 2% ）. Conclusions Patients with COPD in rural Xuzhou, Jiangsu province were poor in knowledge of COPD, and their treatment during stable stage and acute exacerbation did not meet the standards. COPD had significant impact on their daily life, and education and management for the patients should be strengthened.