超临界CO_2萃取姜油特性组分的研究

Study on Characteristic Component of Ginger Oil Extracted with Supercritical CO_2

[目的]优化工艺条件，提高姜油萃取率：[方法]采用超临界CO2流体萃取法从干姜中萃取姜油，通过单因素试验研究浸泡时间、取样过程中的气体流速、温度、压力、粉末粒径数对萃取率的影响，优化工艺条件，并对姜油组分进行GC分析。[结果]用超临界CO2萃取法得到生姜中特性组分——姜油，其优化的工艺条件为：萃取温度50℃，萃取压力14．9MPa，粉碎粒径为0．178mm，二级釜萃取浸泡时间2h，取样过程气体流速0．30～0．90L／min．在此工艺条件下，超临界CO2萃取姜油的萃取率最高。[结论]姜油的GC分析结果显示，超临界萃取生姜油为红棕色澄清液体，是60多种组分组成的混合物，按各成分的分子结构分为4类，分别为单萜烯类、单萜烯类氧化物、倍半萜烯类和倍半萜烯类氧化物。

[Objective] The study purposed to optimize the technological conditions and heighten the extraction rate of ginger oil.[Method] The ginger oil was extracted from dry ginger with supercritieal fluid CO2 extraction （SFE-CO2）, the effect of soaking time, the gas flow rate, temperature, pressure and particle diameter of powder during sampling on the extraction rate of ginger oil was studied through single factor test, the technological conditions were optimized and ginger oil components were analyzed by GC. [Result] The characteristic component in ginger ginger oil was obtained with SFE-CO2 extraction, its optimized technological conditions were that the extraction temperature was 50℃, extraction pressure was 14.9 MPa, the particle diameter of powder was 0. 178 mm, extraction soaking time of the secondary reactor was 2 h and the gas flow rate was 0.30 - 0.90 L/min during sampling. The ginger oil extraction rate was the highest by SFE-CO2 extraction in aforesaid technological conditions. [Conclusion] The GC analysis result of ginger oil showed that the ginger oil extracted with SFE-CO2 extraction was reddish brown clear liquid and a mixture composed by over 60 ingredients, which could be divided into 4 sorts according to the molecular structure of each component, they were： monoterpenoids, monoterpenoids oxides, sesquiterpene and sesquiterpene oxides resp.