黄芪中皂甙·黄酮和多糖综合利用的工艺研究

Study on the Techniques for Comprehensive Utilization of Saponins,Flavonoids and Polysaccharides in Astragalus

[目的]探索从黄芪中同时获取皂甙、黄酮和多糖的工艺条件。[方法]根据皂甙、黄酮和多糖3种有效成分溶解度的差异,先用乙醇回流法提取黄芪中的皂甙和黄酮,再用蒸馏水提取药渣中的黄芪多糖。对乙醇提液中的黄芪皂甙和黄酮,采用D280阴离子交换树脂进行分离纯化。[结果]黄芪皂甙的最佳提取条件为:浓度70%乙醇作为溶剂,液固比7∶1,78℃提取3次,每次100 min;黄芪黄酮的最佳提取条件为:浓度80%乙醇作为溶剂,液固比7∶1,78℃提取4次,每次80 min;黄芪多糖的最佳提取条件为:以蒸馏水为溶剂,液固比16∶1,100℃提取3次,提取2 h。D280阴离子交换树脂分离黄芪黄酮和皂甙的最佳条件:醇提液减压浓缩、调pH值至8.0后上柱,收集流出液和浓度0.1%NaOH淋洗液得到皂甙,用浓度80%乙醇和10%NaOH-80%乙醇洗脱得到黄酮。[结论]黄芪皂甙、黄酮和多糖在上述同一工艺流程中被提取分离,可综合利用黄芪中的有效成分。

[Objective]The tudy aimed to explore the technologic conditions for getting saponins, flavonoids and polysaccharids in Astragalus at the same time. [Method] According to the difference on solubility of 3 kinds of effective components, the saponins and flavonoids in Astragalus were firstly extracted by the method of circtumfluence with ethanol as solvent and the residue of ethanol-extraction was then used to extract polysacehrides by distilled water. The flavonoids and saponins in ethanol extracting fluid were isolated and purified by anion-exchange resin D280. [Result] The optimum conditions for extracting saponins from Astragalus were as following： with 70% ethanol as sovent, liquid-solid ratio of 7：1, extracting 3 times at 78℃ and 100 min for each time; The optimum conditions for extracting flavonoids from Astragalus were as following： with 80% ethanol as sovent, liquid-solid ratio of 7：1, extracting 4 times at 78℃ and 80 min for each time; The optimum conditions for extracting polysaccharides from Astragalus were as following： distilled water as solvent, liquid-solid ratio of 16：1, extracting 3 time at 100℃ and 2 h each time. The optimum conditions for separating saponins and flavonoids by D280 anion-exchange resin were as following： the ethanol extracting fluid was concentrated and loaded onto the chromatography column of after adjusting pH value to 8.0. The saponins were obtained by collecting outflow and leaching fluid of 0.1%NaOH;The flavonoids were obtained by eluting the column with 80% ethanol and 80% ethanol containing 10%NaOH sequentially. [Conclusion] The saponins, flavonoids and polysaecharids in astragalus could be extracted and isolated in the same process flow by using combined techniques mentioned above and the effective components in astragalus could be used compressively.