上海沿海海洋灾害的危害及应对措施：缅甸特大风暴潮灾害的启示

Marine hazards in Shanghai coastal regions and corresponding countermeasures:Lessons from the storm surge disaster of Burma

首先回顾了2008年5月发生在缅甸的"纳尔吉斯"特大风暴潮灾,从海洋与气象系统、地理环境和人口环境这三方面分析其造成巨大危害的原因;以一些例子说明,全球气候变暖,导致极端自然灾害出现的强度和频率呈不断上升趋势.随后分析上海海洋灾害主要来自三个方面:因大气强烈扰动而产生的灾害,如台风和巨浪等:因海水的扰动或状态骤变而引发的灾害,如海啸和风暴潮等;因人类活动而出现的灾害,如赤潮和海洋污染等.以大量的数据说明,强风暴灾害是上海的主要灾害;海浪灾害对上海的航运事业构成严重威胁;海平面上升是上海主要的重大灾害隐患.介绍了上海市海洋灾害应急预警服务体系的现状和问题.并就新气候形势下上海海洋灾害的应对措施,提出了机制建设和能力建设等具体的建议.

The paper firstly reviewed the serious storm surge disaster in Myanmar in May of this year, pointing out that global warming, leading to extreme natural disasters. Then analyzed marine hazards in Shanghai coastal regions. Their causes were identified in detail. Gave a description of the existing service for early warning and emergency control of marine hazards in Shanghai. Finally detail suggestions were put forward for countermeasures for these hazards.