普通小麦与华山新麦草衍生后代的农艺性状和细胞遗传学研究

Cytogenetic and Morphological Studies on the Derivative Progenies of Triticum aestivum×Psathyrostachys huashanica

对中国春ph2b突变体(CSph2b)与华山新麦草属间杂种F1的衍生后代(BC2和BC1F1)进行了细胞学观察和田间农艺性状调查。其主要结果为:①染色体数目从2n=42-52之间变化,其中2n=45出现频率最高,为20.27%,而2n=51最低,仅有0.66%;②大部分植株有较多单价体;③在染色体数目较多的植株中,能够观察到三价体、四价体、落后染色体、三分孢子体、微核以及染色体桥;④部分植株表现高抗条锈病和赤霉病;⑤各个性状的变异系数都大于亲本的变异系数,分蘖的变异系数最大;⑥2n=42和2n=44的植株细胞学相对稳定,为获得华山新麦草染色体的附加系、代换系或易位系等小麦遗传育种材料奠定了基础。

Cytological and morphological studies on the BC2 and BC1F1 plants of Triticum aestivum-Psathyrostachys huashanica were carried out in the present paper. The results showed that：① the somatic chromosome number varied from 2n=42 to 2n=52, and the plants with 2n=45 ac- counted for 20.27%, while the plants with 2n=51 only 6.6%;②there were a high frequency of univalents in most plants;③trivalents, tetravalents, lagging chromosomes, trinucleate cells, micronuclei, and chromosome bridges could be observed in the plants with more chromosomes;④ some plants possess high resistance to wheat stripe rust and wheat scab;⑤all traits in the progenies showed higher variations;⑥some cytological stable plants with 2n=42 or 2n=44 were obtained, which was useful for the production of addition lines, substitution lines or translocation lines of Psathyrostachys huashanica in wheat genetic background.