北京野鸭湖湿地膜翅目群落多样性及生态分布

Diversity and Ecological Distributions of Hymenoptera Communities in Yeyahu Wetland,Beijing

2006年4-10月利用网捕法对北京野鸭湖湿地膜翅目昆虫群落进行了调查,对4个样带的膜翅目昆虫群落组成、多样性及生态分布特征进行了初步研究.共捕获膜翅目昆虫标本45006只,隶属于31科.研究结果表明,该地区膜翅目昆虫以跳小蜂科、姬小蜂科为优势类群;旋小蜂科、缘腹细蜂科、蚜小蜂科、金小蜂科、缨小蜂科、棒小蜂科、环腹瘿蜂科、分盾细蜂科、姬蜂科、茧蜂科、蚁科共11个科为常见类群.利用D、C、H′,E及Ci等指数对不同样带膜翅目昆虫群落的结构特征进行了比较分析.不同样带H′从高到低依次是芦苇样带、扁秆草-绵毛酸模叶蓼样带、稗-水蓼样带、牛鞭草样带;不同月份H′从高到低依次是9月、8月、10月、5月、7月.在4个样带中,环境条件比较复杂的扁秆草-绵毛酸模叶蓼样带和稗-水蓼样带膜翅目昆虫的物种数最多,指数H′和Ci较高.聚类和排序结果显示,不同样带膜翅目昆虫之间差异显著.研究结果表明野鸭湖湿地膜翅目昆虫群落的组成丰富,重视湿地多样化生境的保持,对湿地膜翅目昆虫的多样性具有明显意义.

From April to December in 2006, Hymenoptera insect communities at 4 sampling belts in Yeyahu wetland were investigated by sweep-net sampling. The community composition, diversity and ecological distribution were studied. During the entire sampling period, a total of 45 006 Hymenoptera insect specimens were collected which belonged to 31 families, including 2 dominant families, i.e. Encyrtidae, EuloPhidae; and 11 common families i.e. Eupelmidae, Seelionidae, Aphelinidae, Pteromalidae, Mymaridae, Signiphoridae, Figitidea, Ceraphronidae, Ichneumqnidae, Braconidae and Formieidae. Comparative analysis were conducted on the characteristics of the Hymenoptera communities by Margalef＇s index （D）, Simpson＇ s dominant index （ C）, Shannon-Wiener diversity index （ H＇）, Pielou＇ s eveness （E） and the community complexity index （ Cj ）, etc.. The Shannon-Wiener diversity indices in different sampling belts were in order of Phragmites communis sampling belt, Scirpus planiculrnis.-Polygonum lapathifolium, var, salicifolium sampling belt, Echinochloa crusgaUii-Polygonum hydropiper sampling belt and Hemathria altissima sampling belt; The Shannon-Wiener diversity indices in different months were in order of September, Auguest, October, May and July. The resuhs indicated that N, H＇ and Cj in Scirpus planiculmis. -Polygonum lapathifolium, var, salicifolium sampling belt and Echinochloa crusgallii-Polygonum hydropipe sampling belt were the highest. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis, basing on the composition of total Hymenoptera insect, presented obvious differentiation among sampling belts respectively. This paper shows that Yeyahu wetland was rich in Hymenoptera communities, and it is important to keep the variability of wetland habitats for high Hymenoptera insect diversity.