小麦遗传转化方法研究进展

Progress in Studies on the Gentic Trnasformation Methods in Wheat(Triticun aestivum L.)

目前小麦遗传转化尽管有多种方法,但转化效率仍然很低,一个重要原因是遗传转化方法尚不成熟,因此建立合适的转化方法是小麦遗传转化成功的关键.本文综述了小麦基因枪转化、农杆菌介导的遗传转化和花粉管通道法等几种重要遗传转化方法研究的最新进展,分析了各种方法的基本原理、优缺点及其影响因素.最后对小麦遗传转化研究中存在的主要问题进行了总结,并展望今后的研究重点与发展趋势.

Genetic transformation is vital to the transfer of novel genes into crop plants as well as to the emerging area of functional genomics.This paper mainly reviewed the methods of genetic transformation in wheat,especially introducing the principle of transgenic technique,advantages,disadvantages and influnces on genetic transformation and latest progress in wheat.Wheat transformation technology has progressed rapidly during the past decade.Initially,procedures developed for protoplast isolation and culture,electroporation and polyethylene glycol（PEG）-induced DNA transfer enabled foreign genes to be introduced into wheat cells.Now microprojectile（Biolistic） bombardment,Agrobacterium-mediated transformation,polly tube pathway have also been used to generate transgenic wheat plants.We particularly discussed the genetic transformation using Agrobacterium-mediated because of its specific advantages.We also discussed the trends of genetic transformation in wheat,including transgene silencing and novel genetic transformation methods in future.