北京奥运乒乓球馆围护结构风荷载的试验研究

Experimental study on wind pressure on cladding structures of Peking Olympic Game ping-pong gymnasium

结合2008年北京奥运乒乓球馆的风洞模型试验,研究了大跨度屋盖围护结构的风荷载,探讨了围护结构表面风压的计算方法、悬挑屋面的风荷载取值以及周边建筑对幕墙风压的影响。得到的主要结论是:大跨度屋盖的围护结构比主体结构更容易发生风致破坏;用基于试验的统计方法比规范方法计算围护结构风压值更合理更可信;悬挑屋面的净风压并不完全等于上表面或下表面所受风压,只考虑净风压的设计,对于围护结构是不安全的,宜分别按照上下表面的最不利风荷载进行设计;周边建筑会对幕墙上的风压产生很大影响,幕墙的体型系数,应考虑实际周边建筑的排列,对规范建议值做相应调整。这些结论可为类似结构的抗风设计提供参考。

Based on the wind tunnel model test of Peking 2008 Olympic Game ping pong gymnasium, the wind pressure on cladding structure is studied. The methods for calculating the external wind pressure on cladding structure and the choice of wind loads on cantilevered roof and the interference effect of surrounding buildings to curtain walls are discussed in details. Several conclusions can be made as follows. Relative to the main structure, the cladding structure is much more sensitive to the wind load. The value of wind pressure on cladding structure calculated with the statistical method is more reasonable and reliable than that by the code method. Because the net wind pressure on cantilevered roof is unequal to the wind pressure on the upper or lower surface, it is unsafe to just take the net wind pressure into account. Therefore, the worst wind load on the upper or lower surface should be considered in design. The influence of surrounding buildings to curtain walls is very serious, and the shape coefficient of curtain walls suggested by the code should be adjusted according to the array of surrounding buildings. The conclusions might be used as reference to structural design.