人工鱼礁流场效应的模型实验

Research on model experiments of effects of artificial reefs on flow field

针对正方体、金字塔及三棱柱人工鱼礁模型,选取3个不同工况6 m/s、9 m/s和12 m/s,通过风洞实验研究不同类型人工鱼礁单体和不同组合正方体模型的流场效应。结果表明,模型迎流面和背流面分别产生上升流和背涡流,其规模随来流速度的增大而增大;相同来流速度下,同种模型空心模型的上升流和背涡流规模较实心模型小,空心模型背涡流回流速度随模型空隙率增大而减小;不同模型z方向的湍流强度均大于x方向。对于组合模型,随着来流速度的增大,中心点流速均逐渐增大;一定来流速度下,当模型间距在1~1.5倍模型尺度时,流场变化最大;且模型平行组合比垂直组合产生的流场效应更大。

Effects of artificial reefs （AR） and their compounds on flow field have been studied through wind tunnel experiments under conditions of 6 m/s, 9 m/s and 12 m/s, on such single AR models with different shapes of cube, pyramid and triangular prism. As conclusions, it was found that the ranges of upwelling and wake increased with the increase of water speed; the distribution and range of upweUing and wake of the hollow models were smaller than the solid models under the same water speed, the reflux velocity of hollow models decreased with the increase of porosity of AR models; the turbulence intensity in z direction was stronger than x direction of all models. For compound cubic models, the speed of the center points increased with the increase of water speed, and the flow field has the biggest change when the distance between 1 to 1.5 times of model size at the same water speed; effects on flow field of the parallel compound models were bigger than the vertical compound models.