军用汽车混合电力驱动系统复合能源控制策略

Hybrid Energy Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Drive System in Military Vehicle

电池技术是制约军用汽车混合电力驱动技术发展的关键因素之一。目前,广泛使用的各种单一储能源都难以满足军用汽车对能量和峰值功率的双重要求。采用复合能源结构,将高比功率能源与高比能量能源复合使用,能在现有的技术条件下,大大提高军用汽车能源系统的性能。为了充分发挥多种能源的优势,必须对复合能源功率分配进行合理控制。目前复合能源控制主要有加权法和滤波法,这两种方法各有侧重点,没有同时兼顾复合能源与发动机的特性。针对镍氢电池与超级电容的自身特性,提出一种加权控制和滤波器控制相结合的控制策略,首先细分复合能源控制模式,明确各个模式的切换条件,然后在具体的工作模式下采用滤波器控制,对复合能源输出功率进行分配。仿真分析和试验结果表明,超级电容起到了功率缓冲的作用,使得镍氢电池充放电过程得到了优化,避免了深充深放,复合能源的峰值功率大大提高。

Battery technology is one of the key factors constraining the development of hybrid electric drive technology used in electric combat vehicles （ECV）. At present, single energy storage source used widely is very difficult to meet the requirements for both energy and peak power in ECV. By adopting hybrid energy structure to combine high specific power source and high specific energy source, the existing technology can greatly enhance the performance of ECV power supply system. In order to make full use of the advantages of multiple energies the power of hybrid energy sources must be distributed reasonably. Weighting method and filtering method are the main control strategies of hybrid energy with particular focuses respectively, however, without considering the properties of both hybrid energy and engine. According to the characteristics of Ni-MH battery and ultra-capacitor, a strategy is proposed which combines weighting control with filtering control. In this strategy, firstly hybrid energy control modes are subdivided and the switching condition of each mode is determined, and then filtering control is adopted under every specific working mode to distribute the power output of hybrid energy. The results show that the buffer effect of ultra-capacitor has optimized considerably the charging and discharging processes of Ni-MH battery and the peak power of hybrid energy is improved greatly.