北京市城区门诊哮喘患者控制现状及疾病认知程度的调查分析

Survey of asthma control and perception in asthmatic outpatients of Beijing urban district

目的了解北京市城区近年来哮喘患者的控制现状和对疾病的认知程度，评估近年来推广哮喘规范化治疗的效果。方法选择2007年6—12月在卫生部中日友好医院、北京大学第一医院和北京市天坛医院呼吸内科门诊就诊的哮喘患者，采用医师与患者面对面的方法进行问卷调查。结果共完成问卷360份。90．3％（325例）的患者享有医疗保障。在过去1年中，因哮喘住院者占12．2％（44例），急诊就医者占25．6％（92例）；因哮喘请假误工的在职患者占29．6％（65／220），请假误学的学生占26．9％（7／26）；87．8％（316例）曾进行过肺功能的检查，29．2％（105例）使用过峰流速仪监测病情；68．6％（247例）长期吸入糖皮质激素治疗哮喘，30．6％（110例）达到哮喘控制。结论北京市哮喘患者的总体控制水平有明显改善，患者对疾病的认知程度对其疾病控制水平有明显影响。

Objective To evaluate the status of asthma control and asthma perception in asthmatic outpatients of Beijing urban district. Methods A questionnaire survey in a face-to-face setting was conducted among 360 asthmatic out-patients, 144 males and 316 females, aged （48 ± 15）, from Jun 2007 to Dec 2007 in 3 class 3 first level general hospitals in 3 Beijing urban districts. Results Among 360 asthmatic patients, 325（90. 3% ） enjoyed various kinds of social insurance. During the past year, 12. 2% （44/360） of them were in hospital because of asthma exacerbation, 25.6% （ 92/360 ） of them had visited emergency department because of asthma exacerbation ; the percentage of adults with lost workdays caused by asthma was 29. 6% （65/220）, and the percentage of children with lost schooldays was 26. 9% （7/26） ; 87. 8% （316/360） of the respondents had undergone a lung-function test, 29. 2% （105/360） had ever used peak flow meter; 68. 6% （247/360） of these patients had been used inhaled corticosteroids regularly for a long time, and 30. 6% （110/360） of them achieved asthma control. Conclusions The levels of asthma control and asthma perception among the asthma patients in Beijing have been improved a lot. The asthma perception of the patients influences the control level greatly.