两种壳色虾夷扇贝的同工酶分析

Analysis of isozymes in different shell colors of Patinopecten yessoensis

采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直电泳技术对两种壳色虾夷扇贝的闭壳肌进行了同工酶检测分析与比较。8种同工酶(MDH、ADH、ME、SOD、EST、GDH、SDH和α-AMY)共检测出17个位点,其中白色贝有7个多态位点,褐色贝有6个多态位点,多态位点(P0.99)的比例分别为41.18%和35.29%,白色贝和褐色贝平均每个位点的等位基因有效数目(Ae)分别为1.1421和1.1040,预期杂合度分别(He)为0.0919和0.0674,实际杂合度(Ho)分别为0.1275和0.0907,多态位点的遗传偏离指数表明,白色贝具有更高的遗传变异水平和多样性水平。位点Est-3可以作为鉴定白色贝和褐色贝的特异性蛋白质分子标记。

The electrophoretograms of isozymes from adductor muscle of Patinopecten yessoensis were analyzed by vertical polyactylamide gel electrophoresis. Results showed that there were 17 loci by detecting 8 isozymes （MDH, in white scallops and brown scallops. Among the ADH, ME, SOD, EST, GDH, SDH, α-AMY） recorded loci, 7 loci （ Sod- 2, s-Mdh- 1, Est- 2, Est- 3, Sdh- 1, a-Amy- 2, a-Amy- 5 ） and 6 loci （ Sod- 2, s-Mdh- 1, Est- 2, Sdh- 1, a-Amy- 2, a-Amy- 5 ） were polymorphic in white and brown scallops, and the mean proportion of polymorphic loci （P） was 41.18 % and 35.29%. The mean effective number of alleles per locus （Ac） was 1. 142 1 and 1. 104 0, the mean expected heterozygosity per locus （Hc） was 0. 091 9 and 0.067 4, and the mean observed heterozygosity （Ho） was 0. 127 5 and 0. 090 7. In the mean time, the deviation indexes from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （d） of the polymorphic loci were calculated, both of them showed the absence of heterozygosity. The genetic variability of white scallops was higher than those of brown scallops, which had a better growth potential during the further selection. We conclude that white scallops have batter potential a for further selection and breeding. At the same time, we found the dissimilarity of activity and polymorphism in Est-3 between white scallops and brown scallops, and it can be used as the genetic marker of variation.