太阳辐照绝对辐射计及其在航天器上的太阳辐照度测量

Solar irradiance absolute radiometers and solar irradiance measurement on spacecraft

介绍了我国自主研制的太阳辐照绝对辐射计(SIARs)的原理和结构,该辐射计主要有两个创新点,即把电加热导线埋入锥腔壁以提高光电等效性和用无源热电温度传感器代替有源电阻温度传感器。SIARs参加了第九届和第十届国际日射(强度)计比对(IPC-IV和IPC-X),同世界辐射基准(WRR)在0.2%以内符合。置于世界辐射中心(WRC)的用于保存和传递WRR的世界标准(辐射计)组(WSG)上的两台SIARs已同WSG仪器进行了6年的比对测量,性能稳定,不确定度在0.2%以内。"神舟三号"飞船应用SIARs构成的太阳常数监测器进行了5个月的在轨测量,与同期国外星上测量数据在0.2%以内吻合。采用3台SIARs构成的"风云三号"卫星太阳辐射监测仪从2008年6月起也已经开始了长期的在轨测量。

The working principle and design structure of the Solar Irradiance Absolute Radiometers （SIARs） developed by our research group is introduced. The radiometer offers its two improvements in burying the electrical heater winding into the wall of the cavity to improve the equivalence of electrical and radiative heating and in using thermo-electrical temperature sensor to replace the usual resistance temperature sensor. The SIARs took part in International Pyrheliometer Comparisons （IPC） twice, and calibrated data are coincident well with World Radiometric Reference（WRR）. Two SIARs have been put on Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiometric Center（ PMOD/WRC ） to observe the sun together with the instruments of World Standard Group （WSG） for six years, and they show stable performance and uncertainty within 0. 2%. Moreover, a Solar Constant Monitor（SCM） composed of three wide field of view SIARs mounted on SZ-3 spacecraft has been used to measure solar irradiance for five months, obtained data are coincident with those of ACRIM in 0. 2%. From June 2008, a Solar Total Irradiance Monitor（STIM） made up of three SIARs has also begun to measure total solar irradiance on FY-3 satellite for long term.