浙江方岩丹霞地貌类型及其空间组合

Types and Spatial Combination of Danxia Landforms of Fangyan in Zhejiang Province

浙江方岩突出的丹霞地貌类型有围谷、方山、峰丛、石柱和凹槽等,它们的空间组合沿着北西—南东方向有规律的排列:西北部五峰书院一带的凹槽和岩穴发育典型,中部鸡鸣峰、桃花峰等处分布有大量的新鲜崩积石,东南部石鼓寮的石鼓、石柱尤为突出,在峰丛与平原交汇的东、南和西三侧被围谷所环绕。这种组合体现了随着构造隆升,在以外力作用为主的不断"雕塑"下,丹霞地貌的发育一般经历了差异风化、重力崩塌、流水侵蚀搬运,完成地貌循环侵蚀的过程,期间孕育了绚丽多姿的丹霞地貌,它们主要发育于早白垩世晚期的方岩组(K1f)冲积扇—扇前辫状河相岩层中。其中,岩性的差异风化规律和辫状河相沉积的特点,可以通过对三个样点的实验数据分析加以证实。方岩丹霞地貌是在我国申报世界自然遗产丹霞地貌区中"青年期"类型的突出代表,符合申报世界自然遗产中具有突出、普遍的美学和科学价值的理由。

The prominent types of Danxia landform in Fangyan include enclosed valleys, mesas, peaks, stone columns and grooves etc. Their spatial combination has regular order along the direction of northwest-southeast： typical grooves and caves are mainly located in northwestern Wufengshuyuan; abundant fresh collapsed stones can be observed in central Jimingfeng and Taohuafeng; stone drums and stone columns are in the southeastern Shiguliao particularly; enclosed valleys are encircling joints of peaks and plains from three directions of east, west, and south. The spatial combination suggests that the development of Danxia landform experienced procedures of geomorphic cycle erosion of weathering, collapse, erosion by rivers etc. under the ＂sculpture＂ of external force mainly as tectonic uplifting, picturesque Danxia landform was conceived then. They are developed mainly in the strata of Fangyan Formation （K1f） of alluvial fan-braided river phase of anterior fan in the late period of Early Cretaceous. Regular pattern of weathering of stones and features of sediments of braided river phase can be identified by analysis of experimental data obtained from three sample points. Danxia landform of Fangyan is a unique representive of the ＂adolescent＂ type of China＇s Danxia landform in the application of the World Natural Heritages with outstanding universal aesthetic and scientific value.