抗吡虫啉棉蚜种群对吡蚜酮等药剂的交互抗性及施药对其生物学特性的影响

Cross-resistance of the imidacloprid-resistant population of Aphis gossypii Glover(Homoptera:Aphididae) to pymetrozine and other three pesticides and the effects of pesticide application on its biological characteristics

为了明确吡蚜酮对抗吡虫啉棉蚜Aphis gossypii种群的防治效果,提出抗吡虫啉棉蚜的治理策略,利用抗吡虫啉棉蚜种群(RF_(27))、敏感种群(SS)和夏津田间种群(XJ),分别采用浸渍法、微量点滴法、生化测定法和系统观察法研究了棉蚜无翅成蚜对吡蚜酮等药剂的交互抗性及施药对其生物学特性的影响。结果表明:吡蚜酮对RF_(27),XJ和SS的LD_(50)分别为1.213×10^(-5),8.506×10^(-5)和5.140×10^(-5)μg/头,RF_(27)对吡蚜酮表现出明显的负交互抗性现象。RF_(27)对啶虫脒、烯啶虫胺和噻嗪酮分别产生2.35,2.98和1.71倍的抗性。RF_(27)的羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的比活力较SS分别高2.73和1.57倍,说明羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶比活力的提高是引起棉蚜对吡虫啉产生抗性的重要原因之一。吡蚜酮分别处理RF_(27),XJ和SS,其羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶均受到显著抑制。吡蚜酮以低剂量处理RF_(27)成蚜,对其生长发育有显著的不利影响,表现为若蚜存活率降低(64.60%),净生殖率降低(10.39),内禀增长率和周限增长率显著降低(分别为0.21和1.23),世代历期延长(10.87 d),相对适合度较小(仅为0.70)。这些结果表明吡蚜酮在棉蚜防治中具有很高的应用价值。

In order to clarify the control effects of pymetrozine on imidacloprid-resistant population of Aphis gossypii, and bring forward proposals on its management strategies, we used the wingless adult aphids of the imidacloprid-resistant population （RF27）, the Xiajin population （XJ） and the susceptible population （SS） to assay the cross-resistance of the RF27 to pymetrozine and other pesticides and the effects of pesticide application on its biological characteristics by using the dipping method, microspot method, biochemical method and systematic observation method, respectively. The results showed that the LD50 of pymetrozine to RF27 was 1. 213 × 10^-5μg/aphid, to XJ was 8. 506 × 10^-5 μg/aphid, and to SS was 5. 140 × 10^-5 μg/aphid, so RF27 exhibited obviously negative cross-resistance to pymetrozine. The resistance ratio of RF27 to acetamiprid, nitenpyram and buprofezin was 2.35, 2.98 and 1.71, respectively. Activities of carboxylesterases （CarE） and gluathione-S-transferases （GSTs） in RF27 were significantly higher than those in SS, suggesting that the enhancement of activities of CarE and GSTs would be the main metabolic mechanism of the occurrence of resistance. Pymetrozine had an obvious inhibition on the CarE and GSTs activities in RF27, XJ and SS. RF27 treated by pymetrozine showed developmental disadvantages, including the lower nymphal survival rate （ only 64.60% ）, the lower net reproductive rate （ 10.39 ） , the longer mean generation time （ 10.87 d） , the lower intrinsic rate of natural increase and the finite rate of increase （0.21 and 1.23 respectively）, and the lower relative fitness （only 0.70）. These results suggest that pymetrozine has high application value in controlling A. gossypii.