作为自省之学的中国人类学--费孝通与柳田国男的学问及方法

Chinese Anthropology as Self-examining Studies:the Scholarship and Methods of Fei Xiaotong and Kunio Yanagita

费孝通和柳田国男分别开拓了各自对本土社会的独特研究。费孝通以"乡土"为对象,以"同情"来自省的学问,宗旨是通过对本土社会的理解来提出切实可行的对策与举措。柳田国男的"乡土研究"乃是由乡土的人们在乡土、地方或农村搜集资料,以比较之法认识乡土,最终的目的则是认识整个日本社会。从这个意义上讲,乡土研究是"自我反思"的学问,这也正是费孝通与柳田国男学术思想的共同之处。两位先生都是以解决问题为目标,采取了跨学科的知识生产方式,可以说这正好体现了近代亚洲知识分子的学问特点以及他们对于社会的责任感。

Fei Xiaotong and Kunio Yanagita have separately developed characteristic studies of their own societies. Fei Xiaotong, while focusing on rural areas, aims to propose practical strategies and measures for his society on the basis of sympathetic understanding and reflective studies. Kunio Yanagita＇s rural studies are based on the data and materials collected from rural areas, with the ultimate goal of understanding Japanese society as a whole. Thus, the two sociologists have one thing in common： to treat rural researches as a process of self-examination. Both of them have set the target of solving problems and have adopted an interdisciplinary method of knowledge production. This is characteristic of the scholarship and social responsibility of the Asian intellectuals of recent times.