中国古代司法的观念和制度略论

Research on the Judicial Ideas and Systems of Ancient China

本文从观念与制度两方面对中国古代司法进行了探讨。中国古代司法的观念包括严格执法、经义决狱、屈法伸情、良吏司法等方面;中国古代的司法制度涉及审判机构、审判官吏、审判管辖、证据制度、普通审判程序、复审与死刑复核制度、判决的执行等。中国古代司法的观念和制度具有伦理指导、皇帝专权、实体优先、多元依据、"无讼"以求的特点,表现出在法与情、常与权、名与实等方面统一、协调的努力。中国古代社会的司法、审判的观念和制度的许多内容值得我们借鉴和吸纳。

The article discusses ancient Chinese justice in two categories, i. e. , ideas and systems. The ancient Chinese judicial ideas include implementing laws strictly, Trying cases according to the Confucian Classics, ignoring laws for the purpose of ethics, emphasizing on impartial judges, and so on. The ancient Chinese judicial systems relate to judicial bodies, judges, jurisdictions proceedings, retrial, death penalty review as well as implementation of j , evidence systems, common judicial udgments. The judicial ideas and systems of ancient China have many characteristics such as ethics orientation, centralized power of the empire, priority of substantive law, comprehensive legal sources, and pursuance of non - litigation. The ideas and systems reflect our ancients＇ efforts on uniting and coordinating laws and ethics, common issues and specific conditions, forms and substances. Among them, many contents are very helpful for us.