论复社与晚明科举

On Fu She and the Imperial Examination in the Late Ming Dynasty

复社是明清之际十分重要的文人社团,其成员在崇祯时期的科举考试中取得巨大成功,考取进士及举人者达400余人,甚至还曾囊括甲科三鼎甲。正因为在科举上的成功,复社才得以吸引众多士子加入,从而成倍扩充了自身组织的规模,同时,复社成员通过科考进入官场,也增强了朝廷中的清流力量,影响了晚明政局的走向。复社科举成功的原因,是多种因素综合造成的,最主要的因素在于复社把科举考试当作社事的重心,其领袖疏通科场,联系考官,善于创造各种有利条件帮助成员中式。

Fu She was an important literati organization at the end of Ming and the beginning of Qing. Most of its members made great success in the imperial examinations during Emperor Chongzhen's time. There were over 400 Jinshi and Juren, and some of them swept the board of champion, runner-up and second runner-up in examination. Because of such great success, Fu She attracted lots of scholars and its own organization scale was extended. At the same time, since those successful members became officials, the critical power in the court were strengthened which had some influence on the politics trend in the late Ming. The article analyzes reasons of Fu She's success in imperial examination and argues that though there existed several reasons, the most important one was that Fu She regarded the examination as its central enterprise. The leaders tried to provide many useful condition to help members succeed.