游泳训练对大鼠肝组织自由基代谢及肝脏超微结构的影响

The Effect of Swimming Training on the Free Radical Metabolism in the Liver Tissues and Microstructure of Liver in Rats

本文研究不同时间游泳训练对大鼠肝组织过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性的影响，同时观察肝组织超微结构的变化。结果显示：实验组Ⅰ自由基产生与清除基本达到动态平衡，保证了细胞结构和功能的完整；实验组ⅡＳＯＤ活性与实验组Ⅰ相比显著升高，肝细胞内线粒体多，粗面内质网丰富，糖元多呈区域分布，膜结构完整等超微结构的适应性改变，促进了肝组织的物质和能量代谢。力竭组大鼠肝细胞中ＭＤＡ含量显著增加，ＳＯＤ活性有所下降，肝细胞内线粒体减少，内质网断裂，细胞空化，膜结构破损，大量内容物进入血窦。认为运动后自由基增多是导致细胞膜结构损伤的因素之一，肝线粒体结构和功能受损，进一步提供产生ＬＰＯ的基础，ＵＯ明显介入肝组织损伤的过程，从而引起细胞内酶外逸，所以脂质过氧化也是引起血清酶活性增高的主要原因。ＳＯＤ显著增加对防止线粒体及细胞免受自由基损伤，保证线粒体进行正常呼吸供能，进一步维持整个器官的生理功能具有重要意义。

The effect of swimming training with different duration on the activities of LPO , SOD , in the rat liver tis- sues was studied , and the microstructural changes of liver tissues were also observed . The results showed that there was a tendency of equilibrium in the production and elimination of free radical in group I , thus assuring the structural and functional integrity of the cell : as compared with group I , the activity of SOD in group Ⅱ was higher , the number of mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum increased , the glycogen was distributed lo- cally : In the exhausted group , the quantity of MDA in liver cells remarkably increased : the activity of SOD de- creased , the mitochondria in the liver cell reduced , the endoplasmic reticulum broke down and the cells became blank , the structure of cell membrane was damaged . a number of cytoplasm entered the sinus . It was considered that the increased free radical could cause the damage of cell membrane after strenuous exercise , and the dam- age of the structure and function of the mitochondria in liver cell provided the foundation of the producing LPOthat intervened the damage process of the liver tissue , which cause the leak of Yenzyme from the cell . The lipid peroxidation is the principal cause of the increased activity of enzyme in serum . It is important that remarkably increased SOD can prevent the mitochondria and cell from being damaged by free radical , assure the mitochon- dria maintaining a normal breathing and energy supply , and preserve the physiological function of the organ .