游泳运动创伤的流行病学研究

An Epidemiological Investigation of Sports Trauma in Swimming

通过对包括国家队在内的２７４名游泳运动员的流行病学调查，共发现运动损伤７３例（１１６人次），创伤种类６１种，患病率为２６．６％，平均发病年龄为１７．１岁，发病时平均专项训练时间为４．３年。游泳创伤多以急转慢和慢性损伤为主，主要发生在专项和身体训练中。游泳运动损伤以腰和肩部比率最高，分别为１２．５％，６．６％。最为常见的游泳创伤为腰肌损伤、肩袖损伤、距腓前韧带损伤、髌腱末端病等。游泳损伤的发生与专项技术动作不正确、专项训练过量、肌力不平衡等因素有关。游泳运动损伤多采用手法按摩、针灸并结合现代理疗方法。疗效以肩部最好（有效率８５．０％），腰部和四肢次之，骨盆和髋部较差。

We investigated 274 Chinese swinmmers including national swimming team about sports injuries and foundout 73 injuries( 116 person-time )and 61 kinds of traumatic disease among them with the total incidence up to26.6%.The average age of injured swimmers was 17.1 years old,and whose the average year of special train-ing was 4.3 years .The injuries occurred mainly in special training and body exercise.The percentage of acute-to-chronic injuries was 38.8 and chronic injuries 44.0.We also found the ratio of low back pains(12.6%) and shoulder injury (6.6%) was higher than other kind injuries.The typical injuries for swimmerswere muscular chronic injuries at spine region,rotator cuff injury,anterior talofibular ligament injury,and patel-lar enthesiopathy.The mechanism of swimming injuries was due to the errors of swimming movement,overload,and strength imbalance.Chinese traditional manipulation and acupuncture associated with morden physiothera-py were often used for the treatment.The best curative effect was in shoulder region with efficient rate 85.0%.