论定价权的分立结构及其制衡逻辑

Discrete Structure of Pricing Right and Its Balancing Logic

定价权是集中反映经济法所追求的有效发展、实质公平和平衡协调等诸项法益的重要视角。定价权的运行机制对经济法制度的形成与经济法理论的演变影响显著。市场与政府作为配置资源的两种基本方式,商品、服务和要素价格的制定权,由经营者与政府分享。不同经济体制下,定价权呈现差异有序的分立结构。"宏观经济调控下主要由市场形成价格的机制",折射出市场经济体制下,以经营者正当行使定价权为主、辅之以政府谦抑行使定价权的制衡逻辑:其一,市场定价领域,经营者制定价格的权利源于其自主经营的自然权利,遵循"法无禁止即为允许"的私权逻辑,规制与调控经营者行使定价权失当行为的制度因此确立;其二,政府定价领域,政府制定价格的权力来自准予其干预市场的法律授权,秉持"法未允许即属禁止"的公权逻辑,约限政府谦抑行使定价权的制度藉此构建。

Pricing right reflects effective development, essential fairness and balanced coordination these legal interest that economic law appeals to. Its operational mechanism has a prominent influence on formation of economic law system and evolution of theory of economic law. Under market and government, the two ways of distributing resources, pricing right of goods, service and element is shared by manager and government. In different economies, pricing right shows differential and ordered discrete structure. ＂Market makes price under macroeconomic control＂ means in market economy, managers＇ justifiable deciding price is major method, complemented with government＇ s decision. This logic of pricing covers two meanings ： first, in market - pricing domain, managers＇ right originates from independent management a natural right, following the logic of private right ＂no prohibition of laws is allowance＂, so established is the system of regulation and adjustment of managers＇ failure of pricing behavior; second, in government - pricing domain, government＇ s right of deci- ding prices is granted by legal authority of market intervention right, coming from public right of ＂no allowance in law means prohibition＂, thereby restricting the building of government＇ s price - deciding system.