20世纪上半叶西辽河流域巴林左旗聚落空间演变特征分析

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Settlements of Bairin Left Banner in Xiliao River Valley in the First Half of 20th century

从1918年放垦，巴林左旗经历了近百年的聚落兴建与农业开垦历程，以20世纪30年代初为转折点，此前聚落分布以空间扩展为主，以后转为密度增加，在聚落空间分布形式变化的同时，聚落高程也表现出从400～600m高程区这一自然条件具有优势的区域向其它高程扩展。在人口的推动下，巴林左旗聚落空间演变与环境选择经历了由疏至密、由优至劣的过程，并随着农业发展，农田扩展与资源的有限性构成了人地关系的矛盾焦点。

Since the reclamation in 1918, there has been almost 100 years of settlement building and agriculture developing in Bairin Left Banner of Inner Mongolia. Before the 1930s which is taken as a turning point, the distribution of the settlements there was charactered by spatial expanding, after that turning into density increasing. In the mean time, the elevation of the settlements also began to expand from the height of 400 -600 m, where the natural condition is quite advantageous, to other areas. The distribution change of settlements shows that the environmental disturbance by human activity has been continuing strengthened since the 1930s. According to the connection between the settlements and the cultivated land, it is sure that the 23 × 10^3 ha of cultivated land reclaimed in about 1933 were mostly in the area of 400-600m height, while another 50 × 10^3 ha reclaimed in the succeeding several decades were mostly distributed in the area without good natural condition, some around the settlements of 400-600m height. Cultivated lands on different heights have brought on different environmental disturbance. Although the area of 400-600m height has the best natural condition within Bairin Left Banner and man-milieu relationship there is finely working, the ecological environment there is fragile. With the expanding of the settlement and the expanding of the cultivated land, distinct environmental problems come out. These problems become more severe in other areas with poorer natural conditions. Pushed by the population, the spatial variation and the environmental choice of Bairin Left Banner have gone a process of getting denser and worse. Hence there appeared the conflict of man-milieu relationship made by the expanding of the farm and the limit of the resources.