2001-2005年松花湖水质评价

Water Quality Assessment in Songhuahu Lake(2001～2005)

为了了解松花湖近几年水质状况,基于2001～2005年松花湖水质监测数据,以单因子评价法,确定主要污染指标。采取综合污染指数法,对松花湖水质进行评价。结果表明,溶解氧全湖年均值7.604mg/L,符合国家Ⅱ类水体标准。丰满断面石油类污染最重,5年超标率为5.0%;各断面除小荒地高锰酸盐指数未超标外,其余断面均超过国家标准;总氮各断面均超过国家标准。松花湖5个断面水质污染程度比较,污染最严重的是辉发河口,综合污染指数7.69,污染负荷比为28.01;第2位是桦树林,综合污染指数6.54,污染负荷比为23.91;第3位是小荒地、沙石浒和丰满,综合污染指数均为4.45,污染负荷比分别为15.77、15.77和为16.28。可见松花湖水体的主要污染指标为总磷、总氮和高锰酸盐指数,松花湖的大部分水体的水质处于中度污染状态。

Understanding the water quality of the Songhua lake in recent years. Basing on 2001 -2005 Songhua lake water quality monitoring data, with a single-factor evaluation, identify key indicators of pollution. A comprehensive pollution index, evaluate the water quality of Songhua lake. The whole lake′s annual mean of DO is 7. 604 mg/L, in line with the state class 11 water standards. The five-year average of oil and ammonia nitrogen is not overproof. Fengman＇s cross section of most oil pollution is serious, overproof five-year rate of 5.0%. Permanganate index, the total phosphorus in addition to the five-year cross-section of small wasteland permanganate index of overproof, the remaining are more than the national standard, the TN section exceeded the national standard. Compared with Songhua lake＇s degree of water pollution in five cross sections, the most serious pollution-section of the river mouth is huifa estuary, the comprehensive pollution index is 7.69, pollution load ratio is 28.01, second place is Birch Forest, the comprehensive pollution index is 6.54, pollution load ratio is 23.91; the third place is small wasteland, sand Hu and Fengman, the comprehensive pollution index were 4.45, the pollution load ratio is 16.28. Songhua lake′s main water pollution index is total phosphorus, TN and Permanganate Index . Songhua lakes most of the water quality of water pollution in a moderate state.