论政策移植与政策创新

Policy Transfer and Policy Innovation

政策移植是寻求和实现政策价值、政策理念与政策知识的时空转移并促使其在新的政策环境和政策受众中产生效用的过程。政策移植是政策创新优化的重要路径之一,是公共决策的一项重要内容。政策移植有利于加速政策议程建构,扩大政策供给的选择集;有利于以较低的成本和较高的效率实现优质政策要素的整合与配置,促进优质政策的传播、扩散与发展。政策创新优化的需求是政策移植的根本动力。政策移植可能产生之负面影响是对政策自主创新的抑制;如若政策移植水土不服将导致政策失灵;政策移植往往聚焦于或致力于彰显外围制度或显性政策的变迁而忽视核心制度的变革;拥有充分资源并通过持续政策移植实现政策创新的政策主体,其政策移植行为可能会产生"马太效应",导致或加剧不同地区或区域间政策结构差异的扩大与发展的不平衡。

within the new policy acceptors. As an important content of public policy making, policy transfer is one of the significant ways of policy innovation and policy optimization. Policy transfer is beneficial to speeding up the construction of policy agenda, enlarging the alternatives for selection of policy supply, and realizing the integration and deployment of high grade policy elements with lower transaction cost and better efficiency, thus facilitating the diffusion, pervasion and development of those policies of high qualities. The crucial dynamics of policy transfer is the demand of policy innovation and policy optimization. The possible unfavorable influences of policy transfer are.. restraining self-policy-innovation; resulting in the policy failure if the policy transferred could not match the reality of the new environment; the reform of the core systems of public policy will be neglected since policy transfer usually attaches more attention on the changes of peripheral systems; the actions of those with strong resources for policy innovation through continuous policy transfer would cause the Matthew effect, which would produce and enlarge further differentia of policy configuration and uneven development between regions.