刑法中的人道问题

The Humanitarian Issues in Criminal Law

近代以来,随着人道主义呼声的高涨,犯罪人的处遇措施应该得到改良、死刑应当废止的主张日渐扩大了影响面。但是人道能否限制刑罚?从国内的主流观点——人道是刑罚的价值要素去推论,人道可以对刑罚构成一种根据性的限制,与人道不符,刑罚就应该废止。但是通过价值哲学、刑罚历史、刑罚根基的考察,人道不是刑罚的价值要素。因此,人道对刑罚的限制不是根据性的,而是条件性的,只有当人道理念较比刑罚理念占优势时,人道才限制刑罚。至此,中国当前的刑事政策应是适度改良监狱设施,坚持保留死刑立场上的严格限制死刑。

In modem times, with the upsurge of humanitarian appeals, the advocation that the measures for the criminals should be improved and death penalty abolished have widened its impact. But can humanity restrict penalties？ From the mainstream domestic view of the inference that humanity is the value element of penalty, humanity could constitute a justificatory restriction to penalties, if incompatible with the humanity, the penalty should be abolished. But through the investigation of the philosophy of axiology, the history of penalties, the justification of penalty, humanity is not the value elements. Therefore, the restriction of humanity is not justificatory, but conditional, only if humanitarian ideal is dominant over the penalty idea, humanity will restrict penalties. Thus, China＇s current criminal policy should be that modestly improving prison facilities and insisting on the stance of retaining death penalty to strictly limit death penalty.