论纠纷的构成机理及其主要特征

On the Formational Mechanism of Dispute and Its Major Feature

关于纠纷的认识,法学界并没有一个严格的界限,一般是笼统地将除刑事案件之外的一切社会不协调现象称为纠纷,而在社会学家看来,纠纷往往等同于社会冲突。事实上,从带有普遍性的矛盾、冲突到围绕着某一具体权益所发生的争议,并不是所有的这些不协调现象都和法律制度相关,只有那些属于法律框架之内的诸种不协调现象,或者可以通过法律程序解决的类似现象才具有法律上的意义。并非所有的纠纷都属于冲突,也不是所有的冲突都可以纳入法律的调整范围。纠纷的主要特征在于纠纷主体的明确性、纠纷双方的对抗性、纠纷的主观性和社会性以及纠纷解决上的自主性。

As to the understanding of the dispute, there is not a strict academic boundary in the field of law. Generally speaking, all social disharmonious phenomena outside of criminal cases are known as disputes. In sociologist＇s view, the disputes are often equal to social conflicts. In fact, from universal contradictions, conflicts to disputes involving a specific interest, not all the disharmonious phenomena are related to legal systems. Only those included in the legal framework or some similar phenomena which can be resolved through legal proceedings are of legal significance. Not all disputes belong to conflicts, and not all conflicts can be adjusted in the scope of the law. The major features of disputes are the clarity of the subject of dispute, the confrontation of dispute between the parties, the subjectivity and sociality of dispute, and the autonomy of dispute resolution.