台湾的现代医药卫生(上)

Modern Medicine and Hygiene in Taiwan

１９４５年８月１５日日本无条件投降，二次大战结束，１０月２５日台湾正式光复，重归中国版图。台湾在战时遭受猛烈轰炸，满目创夷，百业待兴，医药卫生体系亦待重建。脱离日本统治后的台湾，因应客观环境的需求，逐渐建立了一套特有的医疗体系。１９７１年１月行政院卫生署成立后，卫生行政体系才确立。卫生主管机关在中央有行政院卫生署；省有卫生处；县市有卫生局；乡镇有卫生所；山地、离岛有卫生室。１９８３年以后，偏远地区设立群体医疗中心，强化基层医疗保健组织，台湾形成了无远弗届的医疗网。光复后，日据时代之台湾总督府病院成为台湾省立医院，各县市有县、市立医院等公立医院外，医育机关有教学医院，民间有教会医院，及开业医院及诊所等提供医疗服务。

On August 15,1945, Japan unconditionally surrendered, and the World War Ⅱ came to an end. On October 25, Taiwan was formally restored to Chinese control and was reincorporated into the map of China. Heavy bombing in the war left Taiwan badly scarred. Everything had to built up again from scratch; the medicine and health care system too had to be redeveloped. Freed of Japanese rule, Taiwan gradually built up a special medical system to meet the objective needs of the environment. Health administration was not fully established until after the Department of Health of the Executive Yuan was founded in 1971. The Department of Health of the Executive Yuan is the central organ. Provincial and city organs of health administration include the Taiwan Provincial Health Department and Health Bureau. In rural mountain and off shore island areas, there are health stations and health rooms. Since 1983, group practice centers have been established in remote areas to strengthen grass roots medical health organization. In this way, an all encompassing medical network was formed in Taiwan. After Taiwan was restored to Chinese control, the Taiwan Government Hospital of the Japanese era became the Taiwan Provincial hospital. Each county and city has its own hospitals. In addition, there are teaching hospitals with medical colleges. Non governmental include missionary hospitals and private hospitals and medical practices, all offering health care services.