氯胺酮所致精神障碍的临床特点分析

CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PATIENTS WITH KETAMINE INDUCED MENTAL DISORDERS

目的:探讨氯胺酮所致精神障碍的临床特点。方法:对41例氯胺酮所致精神障碍患者的临床资料进行分析。结果:患者多为男性未婚青年。氯胺酮滥用时间为21.8±s17.8月,滥用剂量为0.4 g·次-1±s0.2 g·次-1,吸食频度为9.5次·月-1±s8.5次·月-1,滥用方式全部为鼻吸。患者均有多物质滥用的经历。临床诊断主要依据确切的氯胺酮滥用史和临床表现,临床类型以精神病性障碍多见,占85.4%(35/41)。依赖者的耐受性增加不明显,戒断症状出现较迟且较轻,心理依赖呈中等程度;精神病性障碍者的主要表现为:幻听、被害妄想、易激惹、兴奋和行为异常等。患者的治疗效果较好。结论:氯胺酮所致精神障碍以精神病性障碍多见,应加以重视。

Objective：To study the clinical features of the patients with ketamine induced mental disorders.Methods：The clinical data of 41 inpatients with ketamine-induced mental disorders were analyzed.Results：The patients were mostly unmarried young men.The average duration of ketamine abuse was 21.8±s 17.8 months,the dose of abuse was 0.4 g±s 0.2 g each time,and the frequency of abuse was 9.5±s 8.5 times a month.All patients abused ketamine by snorting.They all abused other substances besides ketamine.The clinical diagnosis was made by exact experience of ketamine abuse and relevant manifestations,the type of mental disorders due to the use of ketamine was mostly psychotic disorders,the rate of the patients with psychotic disorders was 85.4%（35/41）.Tolerance of ketamine was not obvious,withdrawal symptoms appeared later and mild and psychological dependence was moderate.The major symptoms encountered by the patients with psychotic disorder were auditory hallucination,delusion of persecution,irritability,excitement state and behavioral disturbances,and so on.The treatment for the patients had good efficacy.Conclusion：Mental disorders induced by ketamine abuse mainly present psychotic disorders,which calls attention.