长春市社区老年高血压患者膳食结构现状调查

Survey on dietary pattern of aged patients with hypertension in community of Changchun

目的了解社区老年高血压患者膳食结构，为实施护理干预提供依据。方法通过方便取样对长春市某社区104名老年高血压患者膳食结构进行自制问卷调查。结果被调查的老年高血压患者平均每人每日食物摄入中三大营养素供能比例不平衡，脂肪供能偏高，占34％，碳水化合物供能偏低，占54％，蛋白质供能较合理，占12％；相关营养素摄入量：钠偏高，而钾、钙、镁偏低。结论与中国居民膳食指南比较，目前老年高血压患者膳食结构不合理，应通过合理的、有针对性的护理干预使老年高血压患者建立正确的膳食观念、膳食习惯。

Objective To investigate the dietary pattern for aged patients with hypertension in the community and provide basis for implementing the nursing intervention. Methods 104 aged patients with hypertension in one cummunity of Changchun City were sampled to be surveyed by diet questionnaire at random. Results The daily intakes of grain, meat, oils and salt for everyone were （279.9 ±31.4）, （73.1±40.6）, （ 36.9 ± 10.5 ） and （9.2 ± 3.5） g/d, respectively The daily intakes of fruit, fish and milk were （ 176.9 ± 115.5 ）, （ 16.5 ± 14.7） and （ 120.2± 124.1 ） g/d, respectively. The ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat was improper. The percentages of energy from fat, carbohydrate and protein were 34%, 54% and 12%, respectively. So, the energy from fat was relatively high, and the energy from protein was reasonable. The daily intake of natrium was excessive. However, the daily intakes of calcium, magnesium, potassium were not enough. Conclusions Compared with Dietary Guideline and Balance Diet Pagoda for Chinese Residents, current dietary pattern for aged patients with hypertension is unreasonable. Reasonable and pertinent nursing intervention should be carried out in order to help aged patients with hypertension acquire correct concepts of dietary and good habits of dietary.