膨润土基化工和环境新材料的开发与应用研究

Development and Application of Advanced Montmorillonite-based Materials in the Fields of Chemical Engineering and Environment

本文介绍了作者的课题组在膨润土基化工和环境新材料的开发和应用研究上若干进展,主要涉及膨润土基酸催化剂和多孔催化材料等的制备、结构及催化应用研究。通过采用天然膨润土为原料,用酸溶液进行活化,能得到酸性膨润土;将金属卤化物等负载到膨润土载体上可制得新型固体酸催化剂;利用粘土矿物膨润土作母体,通过多羟基铝、锆、硅等交联剂插层可制成大孔径、高比表面积的层柱多孔材料,并可通过对层柱粘土结构的调控来改善其催化性能;用膨润土作为包裹剂,将氮、磷、钾肥在不同分散剂中进行包裹处理,对氮、钾肥等易溶肥有良好的缓释效果,而对磷肥等难溶肥有促释效果;以天然膨润土或改性膨润土为吸附剂,在废水处理上显示了很好的吸附性能,可吸附重金属离子、非极性有机物、极性有机物及各类有毒和难生物降解有机物等。膨润土基复合材料在催化、环保和材料等领域中显示了广阔的应用前景。

In this paper, the work of the authors＇ research group was introduced in the fields of advanced montmorillonite-based materials for chemical engineering and environment. Montmorillonite used as acid catalyst was discussed clearly in this paper, and the preparation, structure and catalytic activity of the porous montmorillonite-based materials were also investigated deeply. The acidic montmorillonite was prepared by the ion-exchange of natural montmorillonite and acidic solution. Novel solid acid catalyst was obtained by the impregnation of alkali chloride and natural montmorillonite. The pillared porous materials could be synthesized by the intercalation of polymeric hydroxide alumina, zirconia and silica in the layer of montmorillonite, and the catalytic properties could be improved by changing the structure of pillared montmorillonite. Montmorillonite could also be used as the release compound fertilizer, which shows good slow-released property to nitrogen and potassium and good quick-released property to phosphorus. Natural or modified montmorillonite was also a good absorbent for heavy metal ions, polar organic compounds, non-polar organic compounds, refractory organic compounds. The montmorillonite-based compounds show a wide application prospect in the fields of catalysis, environmental protection and materials and so on.