藏-汉-英三语者言语产生中的词汇选择机制

The lexical selection mechanism in language production: Evidence from Tibetan-Mandarin-English trilinguals

本研究通过考察图片命名任务中的语码切换代价,探讨藏-汉-英三语者言语产生中的词汇选择机制。结果表明:(1)藏-汉-英三语者用藏语和汉语命名图片时,不存在切换代价的不对称性;用藏语-英语、汉语-英语命名图片时,出现切换代价的不对称性,切换至熟练语言(藏语、汉语)的代价显著大于切换至相对熟练语言(英语);(2)被试选择熟练语言的词汇时,即使两种任务语言不相似,也采用特定语言选择机制;选择熟练语言与相对熟练、但不相似语言的词汇时,采用非特定语言选择机制;(3)语言熟练程度和语言相似性共同影响双语者的词汇选择机制。

This paper reports on three experiments exploring the lexical selection mechanism inlanguage production by means of tasks involving language switching and switching cost in theprocess of naming pictures. The results yield three major findings. First, when Tibetan-Mandarin-English trilinguals naming pictures in Tibetan-Mandarin, there were no asymmetricalcosts; while naming in Tibetan-English and Mandarin-English, there were asymmetrical costsand the costs to the proficient language were larger than that to other. Second, when naming inthe proficient languages, though dissimilar, the Tibetan-Mandarin-English trilinguals may usethe Language-Specific Selection Mechanims; while naming in the proficient and the lessproficient dissimilar languages, they may use the Language-nonspecific Selection Mechanims.Third, language proficiency and language similarity may both affect the bilingual’s lexicalselection mechanisms.