权宜、责任与规范

Expediency,Responsibility and Norm

应用伦理学在提供实质性的道德规范之外,特别注重道德判断的程式性、权宜性和辅助性特征,可以称为二线伦理学。责任伦理学是应用伦理学的主要理论形态,自然具有二线伦理的特性。但这不排斥责任伦理是一种实质性的规范伦理学。如果对责任伦理学之"责任"的实质伦理内涵做出恰当的解读,就不会坚持责任伦理学仅仅是一种二线伦理,而是能提供实质性价值观和道德规范的综合性的道德规范理论。换句话说,如果我们把传统的规范伦理学大致划分为目的论、义务论和美德伦理学三种类型的话,那么责任伦理学则有机综合了它们不同的要素和功能。

Applied ethics not only provides substantive moral norms,but pays particular attention to the program characteristic,expedient characteristic and complementary characteristic of moral judgment which can be called second-line ethics.As the main theoretical form of applied ethics,responsibility ethics naturally has the characteristics of second-line ethics which,however,does not mean that responsibility ethics is essentially a kind of norm ethics.Studies on the ethic connotations of ＂responsibility＂ in responsibility ethics indicate that responsibility ethics is a comprehensive moral norm theory with substantive moral values and norms.That is to say,if traditional norm ethics is divided into three types of teleology,deontology and virtue ethics,responsibility ethics is the mixture of the three in component elements and functions.