孔子墨子论难文言范式流变考论(上)——华夏文言哲学发微

An Investigation on Chinese Philosophy of Speech

华夏哲学有否论难能力是一个不曾讨论、但却关乎其文化体系价值的问题。考释揭示,孔子、墨子皆重视文言哲学。孔子倡导"法语"以规范论难文言。他还概括六典为"经"。其文言范式正确性来自演绎性。"经"之质在"事辞称",其哲学基础在于六典文言构造的"系"式连缀。墨子继承发展了孔子"法语"及"经"思想,创造了"语经"体系。它有"定义""说求""渔大"三物。其必然性保障论难文言的正确性。他还从孔子"经"名推演出"辞论"。其三要素"故""理""类"皆有程式。"故"恃"说","理"有"还原本意之程","类"有"十三格"。全面揭示了墨辞之理的科学性。

Whether Chinese philosophy is able to discuss problems concerning the evaluation of the Chinese culture system remains a mystery.Studies indicate that Confucius and MO Zi set a high value on the philosophy of speech.Confucius founded the ＂Forming of Speech for Problem Discussions＂ and condensed the contents of the Six Classics into ＂Canon＂.The validity of Confucius＇ norm of discussion speech originates from its deductive character and argumentation.The definition ＂Canon＂not only has the coincidence between the reason and the sentence as its content,but demonstrates that the structure particularity of speech in the Six Classics lies in its ＂being＂ as its philosophical basis.MO Zi carries on his thoughts of ＂Forming the Speech for Problem Discussions＂and ＂Canon＂,and founded the ＂Canon for the Discussion of Problems＂.The three matters of ＂definition＂,＂argumentation＂,and the ＂capture of the whole＂ do not guarantee the correctness of discussion speech.He also developed the rhetoric theory from Confucius＇ Canon term.Each of its three elements,＂reasoning＂,＂reconstruction of the assumption＂and ＂analogy order＂ has its own norms which completely reveal the rationality of the assumption reconstruction process.