汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童图形和汉字的视觉加工特点

Visual Processing Ability of Chinese Children with Developmental Dyslexia

目的:考察汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童图形和汉字的视觉辨识能力,探索其视觉加工特点。方法:采用病例对照设计,根据ICD-10诊断标准筛选出53名阅读障碍儿童,按照年龄、性别、家庭一般状况等匹配条件,按1:1的比例选择同班级53名正常儿童为对照组。根据汉字特点,采用人机对话的方式,比较两组儿童完成图形视觉加工任务和汉字视觉加工任务的正确率和平均反应时。结果:图形视觉辨别任务显示:阅读障碍儿童正确率为(0.78±0.10),正常儿童正确率为(0.81±0.08);阅读障碍儿童平均反应时为(2494.42±488.23)ms,正常儿童为(2358.59±593.48)ms,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。汉字视觉辨别任务显示:阅读障碍儿童正确率为(0.96±0.04),正常儿童为(0.96±0.04),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);阅读障碍儿童平均反应时[(1715.21±343.76)ms]有长于正常儿童[(1598.72±318.03)ms]的趋势(P=0.073)。结论:视觉加工能力对汉语儿童的阅读能力有一定的影响,但不够显著,视觉加工能力可能只是汉字识别的必要条件,而非充分条件。

Objective： To explore the visual processing ability including figure and Chinese character visual pro- cessing in Chinese developmental dyslexia children. Methods： Fifty three dyslexic children were chosen according to the International Classification of Diseases-10 （ ICD-IO）, and control group was matched for gender, age, parental education levels, occupations and economic status and collected according to the rate of 1： 1. All subjects were asked to accomplish the visual processing tasks. Correct number and average response time of visual processing tasks were compared between dyslexic group and control group. Results： The differences in correct rates of figure visual processing tasks and Chinese character visual processing tasks between dyslexic children and normal controls were not significant [ （0. 78 ±0. 10） vs. （0. 81 ±0. 08）,（0. 96 ±0. 04） vs. （0. 96 ±0. 04） ; P 〉0. 05] . Dyslexic children need more response time than control group when they completed the task [ （ 2494. 42 ± 488. 23 ） ms vs. （ 2358. 59 ± 593.48 ） ms, （ 1715.21 ±343.76） ms vs. （ 1598.72 ±318.03 ） ms; P 〉0. 05], but the differences did not reach significant levels. Conclusion： Visual processing ability has no obvious effects on reading abilities in Chinese children, and it may be a necessary but not sufficient condition for Chinese character discrimination.