青春期性发育前后儿童智力的遗传效应

Genetic Effects on Intelligence in Sexual Development of Children

目的:通过双生子儿童智力测量指标的遗传度分析,探讨青春期性发育前后遗传对儿童智力的影响。方法:选取2006～2007年在北京市两城区募集的11～15岁双生子108对为研究对象,以月经初潮或首次遗精作为青春期性功能发育的指标,将其分为性发育前组和性发育组。以韦氏儿童智力量表测量11～15岁儿童的言语智商(VIQ)、操作智商(PIQ)和总智商(IQ),采用组内相关系数法计算遗传度。结果:发育前组和发育组儿童的VIQ遗传度分别为0.771和0.396;PIQ遗传度分别为0.084和0.491;IQ遗传度分别为0.350和0.398。结论:随着青春期性功能发育,遗传效应对儿童言语智商的影响逐渐降低,对操作智商的影响逐渐显现,对总智商的作用呈增加趋势,但有待进一步证实。

Objective： To explore the genetic and environmental influences on intelligence in puberty. Methods： One hundred and eight twin pairs, aged 11 to 15, were evaluated for their intelligence quotient （ IQ ）, verbal intelligence quotient （ VIQ ） and program intelligence quotient （ PIQ ） with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Chinese Revised （ WISC-CR ） . The menarche and spermarche were used as the indicators of sexual development. The intra-class correlation coefficient method was used to estimate the heritabilities of intelligence indicators. Results： The estimated heritability of VIQ in pre-sexual development group was higher than that in sexual development group （0. 7710 vs. 0. 3960 ） . The heritabihty of PIQ in pre-sexual development group was lower than that in sexual development group （ 0. 0837 vs.0. 4908 ） . The heritability of IQ in pre-sexual and sexual development groups were 0. 3502 and 0. 3977, respectively. Conclusion： Genetic factors have significant influences on VIQ and PIQ in the process of puberty, but the increase trend for IQ still need to be proven.