生存与公正:“二五减租”运动中四川农村租佃关系探讨

Survival and Justice:Probing into the Tenancy Relationship in the Countryside of Sichuan in the "25% Reduction of Rent" Movement

抗战胜利后,为了恢复农村经济,减轻农民负担,国民政府决定实行与民休息的政策,规定凡曾经沦陷各省1945年度的田赋一律豁免一年,后方各省1948年度豁免田赋一年,同时要求土地所有者对租佃者实行减租,参照地方实际情况,制定减租办法。减租额度为原租额的四分之一(25%),故称为"二五减租"。四川省的"二五减租",起步较晚,开始于1948年,国民政府宣布减免四川等省市田赋,同时要求各地实施"二五减租"。"二五减租"本来是政府希望帮助佃农、使农村租佃关系更为公正、更为合理的一项重要政策,但由于土地是农民维系生计的重要资源,减租运动激化了租佃关系,中小地主和佃农生存均出现问题,所以在实际执行过程中,租佃纠纷频繁,农村社会陷入不稳定的状态之中。

The '25% Reduction of Rent' Movement in Sichuan province started late in 1948. The rent reduction policy was originally designed by the government to help to make the tenancy relationship more reasonable. However,the implementation of the reduction policy triggered the tenancy relationship and made it a problem for both the middle and small landlords and the tenants to survive,thus giving rise to the unstable situation in the rural society.