三峡工程建成后长江中下游防洪对策研究

Study on countermeasures for flood control in middle and lower Yangtze region after completion of TGP

三峡工程建成后，长江中下游防洪的局面将大为改善，防洪效益十分显著。但由于长江河道安全宣泄能力与长江峰高量大的洪水矛盾十分突出，而三峡工程的防洪库容相对仍是不足的。随着三峡工程的投入，长江中下游防洪标准逐步提高，应争取做到５０～１００一遇洪水基本不分洪，在出现更大的特大洪水时，才在可靠的分蓄洪运用配合下，安全渡汛。为此，应尽量加大上游支流水库的防洪库容；高标准建设好一批分蓄洪区；根治长江堤防，使之成为防洪的可靠屏障；加强河道管理，保持并研究采用疏挖方式扩大泄量。此外，还应加强通讯、洪水预报、洪水保险等非工程措施。

The TGP,as it is completed, has remarkable benefits in flood control, greatly improving the flood control situation of middle and lower stretch of Yangtze. But for the keen contradiction of safe discharge capacity of river course with high peak and large volume of the flood water of Yangtze, the reservoir flood control storage capacity of TGP is still relatively insufficient. Along with the commission of TGP, and gradually raising the flood control standard in the middle and lower reaches, it is aimed at that the flood diversion areas will not be utilized basically in the case of a 50-year flood to a 100-year flood event. Only in the case of extraordinary flood event, it is necessary to operate the reliable flood diversion and storage areas to play a supporting role to overcome the flood threat. Therefore, it should be contended to adopt such measures as increasing flood control storage capacity of the upstream tributary reservoirs as much as possible, constructing a number of flood diversion and storage areas in high standard, radically reinforcing the dykes of Yangtze to become a reliable barrier against flood, improving river course administration, continuously investigating and adopting the dredging method to increase the river carrying ability. Besides, some non-engineering measures should be strengthened, such as communication, flood forecast, flood insurance etc..