白栎果实矿质元素积累的动态规律

Dynamic Principle of Mineral Elements Accumulating in the Fruit of Quercus fabri

白栎是壳斗科落叶树种，白栎的果实营养丰富，是传统的无公害食品。目前，白栎仍为野生状态，有关白栎的栽培、果实生长规律、营养积累动态、营养成分等有利于产业化发展的基础研究未见报道。通过研究白栎果实矿质元素积累的动态规律以及果实的生长发育规律，得到如下结论：（1）白栎果实的成熟时间为10月下旬。（2）白栎果长的增长和果实最大直径的增长为单峰值；千粒重的增长曲线为双峰值。（3）大量元素钙（Ca）和镁（Mg）具有相似的增长动态规律；磷元素的增长率变化比较特殊，8月30日和10月15日磷含量下降最快。（4）微量元素Fe、Cu、Zn具有相似的增长动态规律，8月30日至9月15日增长最大；Se的积累规律比较复杂，说明白栎可能是硒积累型植物。（5）果实含水率于8月30日变化最大，因此8月份的水分管理是白栎栽培的关键。结果表明，6—7月应补充钙肥、镁等大量元素和微量元素Fe、Cu、Zn，以提高白栎果实的产量、改善果实品质。

Quercus fabri Hance is a species of deciduous trees belonging to Ericaceae family, its fruit is often used to make different traditional foods which are known as green foods in China . At present , trees of Quercus fabri are growing still in wild , so it is difficult to find any research reports of Quercus fabri about its cultivation , growth of fruit , nutritive components and the dynamic principle of nutritive components accumulating in the fruit. In order to get more basic information of Quercus fabri, the study was carried on the dynamic principle of mineral elements accumulating in the fruit and the principle of growth and development of the fruit. The results are as follows ： （ 1 ） The mature period of fruit is 30^th Oct. （2） The increase of growth of both nut length and major diameter have only one peak value in the growth curve , but two peaks of value of the increase of 1 000 seeds weight. （ 3 ） The major elements like Ca and Mg have the same dynamic principle of growth , but element P is different from others with a special dynamic principle in which the content of P in the fruit decreases most quickly at 30^th August and 15^th Oct. （4）The minor elements like Fe, Cu and Zn are common with the dynamic principle in which the increase of element growth are in large number during 30^th August and 15^th Oct. In addition,element Se has a complex mechanism of accumulation in the fruit of Quercus fabri and it is supposed that Quercus fabri may be a type of plants which accumulate element Se. （5）Based on the above analysis, the rate of water of fruit changes largely at 30^th August, which shows that irrigating the field of Quercus fabri is vary important in August. In addition , the fertilizer of major elements like Ca, Mg and minor elements like Fe, Cu ,Zn must be applied to trees of Quercusfabri in June and July for a great harvest of fruit.