“底层”、“同性恋”、“泛自传”——1990年代以来中国电影的先锋策略研究

"Unprivileged","Homoerotism" and "Pan-Autobiography"——A Study of the Vanguard Politics of the Chinese Film Since 1990s

1990年代以来中国当代电影中的探索部分,在题材、观念、叙事、形式、风格等方面的特征,可以一同纳入"先锋策略"研究的整体视角中,最突出地表现为底层视角策略、以同性恋为代表的边缘文化策略、泛自传策略三个方面。底层视角策略是在用从回归平稳叙事状态的方式,带有创作主体的意识形态焦虑地关注和展现中国当代社会转型中的现实问题,从一种精英式的自恋视角或俯视视角的窠臼中跳脱出来,对边缘和社会底层弱势群体生活的加倍关注,力图采用平视的视角,对生活的原生态不加粉饰地、具体而非概念性地展示出来;同性恋电影通过同性恋亚文化或其他带有边缘性的亚文化在伦理接受和审美接受上的特殊性,营造了一个独立的带有黑匣子意味的社会群落,这个群落整体上具有自为的合法性以及"独立个体"的文化意味;而"泛自传策略"则是通过破除宏大叙事,用"纪录片风格"来展现"我"那些被压缩在扁平时空中的"个体生命经验",以微观的个体的境遇和感受来折射那个和"我"相关的世界。

The exploration of the Chinese contemporary film since 1990s, that is, the exhibition of topic, idea, narration, form and style, can be summed up as the research scope of the ＂ vanguard politics＂, which was predominantly manifested in the following three aspects： the unprivileged perspective, the marginal culture represented by homoerotism and the pan-autobiography. On the one hand, the politics of the unprivileged perspective, by returning to the smooth narrative, and with the subjective creative consciousness, give a close concern and exhibition of the reality of the Chinese contemporary social transformation, and, by an elite narcissism or a mode different from the dated bird＇s-eye view, pay so much attention to the marginal, unprivileged group, displaying an unconcealed, non-conceptual, detailed original life; and on the other hand, the politics of the homoerotism, through the specialty of the sub-culture such as homosexuality in ethical or aesthetic reception, establish a independent, black-boxed, social group, which, on the whole, possesses the legality of the ＂doingfor-themselves＂ as well as the culture of the ＂independent individual＂. And the politics of the pan-autobiography, by way of the newsreel style breaking the grand narrative, display ＂my＂ condensed, complanate ＂individual life experience＂, and, through the microcosmic individual condition, reflect the world related to ＂I＂.