对“企业家”概念的理解为什么有分歧

Why Is the Concept of Entrepreneur Understood Differently?

在经济学中,对"企业家"有三种不同的理解,即分别是作为"生产要素"的企业家、作为"创新个体"的企业家和"面对不确定性的主观行为"的企业家。文章指出产生这种分歧的原因是分析方法的不同,如果采取的是"均衡"方法,那么对企业家的理解对应的是前面两种,如果是"过程"方法,那么对应的是最后面一种。文章比较了新古典经济学、熊彼特经济学和奥地利学派经济学对企业家的不同理解。

There are three different understandings on entrepreneur in economics： entrepreneurs as production factors, entrepreneurs as innovating individuals and entrepreneurs as subjective action in the face of uncertainty, respectively. The paper points out that the divergence lies in the different method adopted in analysis. If equilibrium method is adopted, then the corresponding understanding on entrepreneur is the first two definitions above mentioned; if process method is adopted, then the corresponding understanding on entrepreneur is the last one above mentioned. Furthermore, this paper compares the different understandings on entrepreneur among Neoclassical Eco- nomics, Schumpeter Economics and Austrian Economics.