杂交水稻亲本主要农艺性状配合力及遗传力分析

Analysis on Combining Ability and Heritability of Major Agronomic Characters in Hybrid Rice Parents

通过5×5不完全双列杂交,对杂交水稻亲本的8个主要农艺性状配合力、遗传力及F1的优势表现进行分析,结果表明:1)所考查性状的一般配合力及特殊配合力均达到极显著水平,其中株高、穗长、单株有效穗、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重以加性效应为主,而单株粒重以非加性效应为主;2)杂交水稻的配组优势同时受到一般配合力和特殊配合力的影响,一般配合力与亲本自身的表现值呈极显著正相关;3)各性状的狭义遗传力由大到小的趋势是:株高、每穗总粒数、穗长、千粒重、单株有效穗、每穗实粒数、结实率、单株粒重。

The combining ability and heritability of 8 major agronomic characters of 10 rice parents and their F1 heterosis were determined by the NC Ⅱ mating design. The results showed that there was significant difference in general combining ability （GCA） and specific combining ability （SCA） of 8 agronomic characters between 10 rice parents, the heredity of plant height （PH）, panicle length （PL）, effective panicles/plant （EPP）, total grains/panicle （TGP）. filled grains/panicle （FGP）, seed setting rate （SSR） and 1000-grain weight （TGW） mainly depended on additive effect and the heredity of grain weight/ plant （GWP） mainly depended on non-additive effect, the heterosis of combination was affected simultaneously by general combining ability （GCA） and special combining ability （SCA）, there was a significant positive correlation between parent GCA and its competitive heterosis, and the narrow heritability of 8 agronomic characters plant height〉grains/panicle〉panicle length 〉1 000-grain weight〉effective panicles per plant;〉filled grains per panicle〉seed setting rate.grain weight per plant.