全球女性乳腺癌和卵巢癌最新发病分布特征

Global Incidence Patterns of Female Breast and Ovarian Cancers

[目的]描述全球女性乳腺癌和卵巢癌的最新发病分布特征。[方法]利用国际癌症研究中心最新公布的五大洲癌症发病率第九卷等资料,从全球地区、人群特征和时间趋势方面描述女性乳腺癌、卵巢癌的发病分布。[结果]北美洲和大洋洲的乳腺癌发病率最高(88.3/10万和85.1/10万),为亚洲(33.5/10万)和非洲(31.0/10万)的2～3倍;欧洲(10.8/10万)和北美洲(9.9/10万)的卵巢癌发病率最高,为亚洲(6.1/10万)和非洲(4.8/10万)的1.5～2倍。日本和韩国的乳腺癌和卵巢癌发病率明显比美国和英国低。中国香港、上海和广州等大城市的乳腺癌和卵巢癌发病率明显高于浙江嘉善等中小城市。移居美国的亚洲女性乳腺癌和卵巢癌发病率高于其原居住地的,而接近美国当地居民发病率。美国的乳腺癌发病率从2001年到2005年下降了9.9%,而亚洲地区呈现上升趋势,如中国上海从1991年到2000年上升了36.4%;卵巢癌也呈现同样的趋势。[结论]女性乳腺癌和卵巢癌的发病率仍然是西方人群高于东方人群,但这种差别正在缩小;乳腺癌与卵巢癌具有相似的发病分布特征。

[Purpose ] To describe global incidence patterns of female breast and ovarian cancers. [Methods] Data were derived from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume IX in the period 1998-2002 （CI5-IX） and other data sources. Incidence distribution of female breast and ovarian cancers dealing with world area, population characteristics and time trend was described. [Results] Incidence of breast cancer in North America（88.3/105） and Oceania（85.1/10^5） was 2 to 3 fold higher than those in Asia（33.5/105） and Africa（31.0/10^5）, while incidences of ovarian cancer in Europe（10.8/10^5） and North America（9.9/10^5） was 1.5 to 2 times as those in Asia（6.1/10^5） and Africa（4.8/10^5）. Incidence of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in Japan, Korea and Hong Kong was lower than those in America and England. Hong Kong, Shanghai and Guangzhou of China had significantly higher incidences of breast cancer and ovarian cancer than Jiashan, Zhejiang Province. Asian women who immigrated to USA had incidence patterns of breast cancer and ovarian cancer close to those of American women and apart from their counterparts living in their countries of origin. Breast cancer incidence decreased 9.9% from 2001 to 2005 in USA, while increased in some Asian areas （increase 36.4% from 1991 to 2000 in Shanghai）. The incidence trend of ovarian cancer was similar to that of breast cancer. [Conclusions] Incidences of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in western women are still higher than those in oriental female, but the difference is reducing. They have similar incidence distribution.