葛兰西与哈贝马斯市民社会理论比较研究

A Comparative Study on Civil Society:between Gramsci and Habermas

"市民社会"从古至今依次被赋予政治、经济与文化意义的内涵。葛兰西与哈贝马斯从文化意义上规约市民社会,代表了市民社会研究的当代转型,同属当代市民社会理论传统;他们将市民社会界定为社会文化领域,强调的是市民社会的合法化功能与社会整合功能,从而视市民社会为国家统治合法性的主要策源地。但是,出于不同的理论立场与理论诉求,他们在国家与市民社会的关系、国家统治合法性的实现方式以及对待市民社会的态度等问题上仍然存在显著的差异。

Civil society has been defined in political,economical and cultural aspects in turn.Both Gramsci theory and Habermas theory belong to the contemporary tradition of civil society because they defined civil society in cultural aspect.Meanwhile,they emphasized the functions of legitimization and society-harmonization of civil society,so they regarded civil society as the main base for legitimation of sovereignty.However,because of their different positions and purposes,there were many remarkable differences in their theories of civil society,such as in the relation between state and society,the way of legitimation of sovereignty,and the attitude towards civil society.