略论穆尔克罗夫特第一次中亚探察的经过和影响

Discussions on the process and influence of Moorcroft's first exploration of Central Asian

1812年,东印度公司布萨地区种马厂总监兼兽医穆尔克罗夫特装扮成朝圣者,对中亚地区进行了探察,私自越境进入中国西藏,非法查勘玛旁雍错的水文状况,调查该地区的羊绒贸易和俄国的商品渗透情况。通过对这一地区市场潜力的评估和搜集到的社会经济、政治情报,穆尔克罗夫特提出了英国的中亚战略,并预测了未来英俄在中亚的大角逐。

Disguised as a pilgrimage, William Moorcroft, who was a veterinary surgeon and superintendent of the company＇s farm at Pusa, had ventured into investigating Central Asia in 1812. He crossed the boundary illegally and entered Tibet. Moorcroft made an unauthorized pilgrimage to cashmere trade and commercial penetration of Russian commodity Manasa Sarowara to inquire into the hydrography, in the area. By appraising the economic and com- mercial potentials and reconnoitring the socio-economic and political conditions there, Moorcroft came up with a British strategy in central Asian, and predicted the ＂big game＂ between Great Britain and Russia in the latter part of the nineteenth century.