《论语》“人”、“民”辨说——兼评赵纪彬《论语新探·释人民》

Distinguishing of "Ren" and "Min" in Confucian Analects——A Review of Zhao Ji-bin's A New Explanation of Confucian Analects· Renmin

《论语》中的"人"、"民",在不同情况下,含义有所不同。前者多半泛指一切人,有时特指统治阶级;"民"则多指庶民百姓。两者具有种与属的关系。人中的"君子"、"小人",是对个人品德、学养的评价,指无定则。文章对上世纪70年代出版的《论语新探.释人民》一文,把"人"、"民"分别归属于"奴隶主与奴隶"两个阶级的观点进行了批评。与此同时,对《论语》中与"人"、"民"相关联的教、诲、爱、使等词语的含义分别作了论述。

Ren and Min in confucian analects have different meanings in different situations. The former refers to all people, sometimes the ruling class and sometimes the common people. Junzi （君子） and Xiaoren （小人） in Ren is the valuation of people＇s character and her accomplishment. This article comments on A New Explanation of Confucian Analects, an article published in 1970s,which define Ren（人） and Ming（民） as slave-owners and slaves. At the same time,it explains the meaning of certain words, such as Jiao （教）, Hui （悔）, Ai （爱）, Shi （使） etc.