就《左传》看春秋时期礼的解体与转型

Viewing the Decomposition and Transformation of Rites of Zhou in the Spring and Autumn Period through Zuo Zhuan

《左传》作为我国春秋时期一部历史性著作,在一定程度上保存了我国古代丰富的礼文化资料,显示出当时礼文化所达到的卓越水平。随着春秋时期宗法关系的变化、政治秩序的衰朽,中国社会逐步步入"礼崩乐坏"的时代。文章以《左传》提供的材料为依据,分析了春秋时人们强调礼仪之分的背景,它是宗法社会深层次矛盾的必然结果,是周礼背后"亲亲"、"尊尊"精神消除后而丧失其政治功能的反映。礼仪之分所反映出的另一个问题是人们对礼的生存合理性的反思:政治生活中的秩序规定以某种本有的秩序为本,将自然的存在赋予价值根源的意义,天人关系式的思维模式被采用。

Zuo Zhuan （Zuo Qiuming＇s Commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals） is a historical document in the Spring and Autumn Period, records abundant materials about ancient culture of rites to a certain extent, and demonstrates the predominant achievements of Rites at that time. With the change of patriachal clan system and the wane of the social order in the Spring and Autumn Period, Chinese society began to step into the age of ＂Rites collapsing and music damaging＂. In accordance with the records in Zuo Zhuan, this paper analyzes the background in which people stressed the distinctions of etiquette, and this is a corollary of the deep - rooted structural imbalance in patriarchal society, reflects that the political functions of Rites of Zhou lost after the spirit of Qin qin （ lit., keep yourself close to the dear ones） and Zun zun （lit., respect the able and virtuous） conceived in it removed. On the other hand, the distinctions of etiquette reflected people＇s rethinking about the resonableness and real functions of Rites ： political order is rooted in some kind of natural one, and the thinking mode concerning the relation between heaven and human, in which confering upon the existence with the origin of value, is adopted.